Non-lucrative visa (NLV)

The answer to all of your questions (UPDATED DECEMBER 2024)

Sworn Translator-Interpreter

Traductora-Interprete Jurada

alba.fernandez.c@gmail.com

+34 645 65 49 98

Foreign Office Translator's Commission Number: 8981

Link to the guide: http://bit.ly/3ZPeRRM

NLV questions and answers guide everything you need to know and more.pdf

Non-Lucrative Visa General Information

1. What is a non-lucrative visa in Spain?

A non-lucrative visa, also known as a non-working visa or NLV, is a type of residency permit that allows non-EU citizens to live in Spain without engaging in any gainful employment or professional activity.

It's ideal for individuals who have sufficient funds or passive income to support themselves and wish to retire in Spain, study Spanish, or simply enjoy the Spanish lifestyle.

The Spanish Government requires a minimum of around €30,000 for the main applicant and €7,200 for each family member.

Benefits:

No large investment required.
Allows travel within the Schengen Area.
Possibility to convert to a work visa after one year.
Family members can join on the visa.
Issued for a year, renewable for 2-year periods.
Allows travel within the Schengen Area.
Can convert to a work visa after the first year.
Dependents can get visas and attend school.

Downsides:

Cannot work.
Private health insurance required (not eligible for public healthcare).
Minimum income requirements to prove financial stability.
Spending more than 183 days in Spain may make you a tax resident.

2. Who can apply for the non-lucrative visa?

This visa is ideal for retirees, people with sufficient savings or passive income, and those who want to live in Spain without working.

3. What are the requirements for a non-lucrative visa in Spain?

To be eligible for a non-lucrative visa, you must meet the following requirements:

Citizenship: You must be a citizen of a non-EU country.
Sufficient Funds: You must demonstrate that you have enough financial resources to support yourself and any dependents during your stay in Spain. This is typically proven by providing bank statements, pension letters or other financial documents. A termination letter is also necessary if you are of working age.
Clean Criminal Record: In theory you must have no criminal record, but in reality old offences or minor offences won’t be a problem.
Health Insurance: You must have full coverage health insurance valid in Spain. Paid for a full year in advance. Traveling insurance is not allowed. Your insurance must be comprehensive, full and unlimited with no excess or co-payments, and nor moratorium. The policy should start on the projected date of arrival into Spain once the visa has been issued.
Accommodation: You must have proof of accommodation in Spain, such as a rental agreement or property ownership.

4. How much money do I need to apply for a non-lucrative visa in Spain?

The exact amount required can vary depending on individual circumstances, but generally, you must demonstrate that you have enough funds to cover living expenses for yourself and any dependents. This is often calculated as a multiple of the Spanish Public Minimum Income (IPREM). For 2024, the required amount is typically around €30,000 per year for the main applicant and €7,200 for each family member.

5. Can I Apply for the Non-Lucrative Visa While in Spain?

No, you cannot apply for a Non-Lucrative Visa while in Spain. Spanish immigration law requires that the Non-Lucrative Visa application be submitted in person at the Spanish consulate or embassy in your home country (or country of legal residence). The process must be completed before traveling to Spain.

6. What If You’re Already in Spain?

If you are currently in Spain on a short-term visa (e.g., a tourist visa), you will need to leave the country and apply for the Non-Lucrative Visa from your home country. It’s important to time your application accordingly, as overstaying your tourist visa could result in complications or even denial of your application.

7. Can I work with a non-lucrative visa in Spain?

No, you cannot work with a non-lucrative visa. If you wish to work in Spain, you'll need to apply for a different type of visa, such as a work permit. If you are able to work remotely, you may consider a Digital Nomad Visa.

8. Can I study with a non-lucrative visa in Spain?

Yes, you can study with a non-lucrative visa in Spain, but there are some limitations:

Enrollment restrictions: You cannot enroll in full-time degree programs or professional courses that lead to official qualifications.
Language courses: You are allowed to enroll in language courses to improve your Spanish proficiency.
Non-formal education: You can participate in non-formal educational activities, such as workshops, seminars, and cultural programs.
Internships: You can engage in unpaid internships, but they must be directly related to your studies and not for financial gain.

Important Note: While a non-lucrative visa allows you to study in a limited capacity, it's not a student visa. If you wish to pursue a formal degree program, you will need to apply for a separate student visa.

9. How do I know which is my consulate?

USA:

Consulate General in Chicago

Jurisdiction: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Ohio, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin

· 180 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1500

· Chicago, IL 60601

· Tel: (312) 782-4588/4589

· Fax: (312) 782-1635

· cog.chicago@maec.es

· Visa information

Consulate General in Houston

Jurisdiction: Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas

· 1800 Bering Drive, Suite 750

· Houston, TX 77057

· Tel: (713) 783-6200/05/14
Fax: (713) 783-6166

· Visa information

Consulate General in Los Angeles
Jurisdiction: California (counties: Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Bernardino, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Barbara y Ventura), Arizona, Colorado, Utah

· 5055 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 860

· Los Angeles, CA 90036
Tel: (323) 938-0158/0166

· cog.losangeles@maec.es

· Visa information

Consulate General in Miami

Jurisdiction: Florida, South Carolina, Georgia

· 2655 Le Jeune Road, Suite 203

· Coral Gables, FL 33134

· Tel: (305) 446-5511/12/13

· Fax: (305) 446-5431

· cog.miami@maec.es

· Visa information

Consulate General in New York

Jurisdiction: New York, Connecticut, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey

· 150 East 58th Street, 30th & 31st Floors

· New York, NY 10155

· Tel: (212) 355-4080/81/82/85/90

· Fax: (212) 644-3751

· cog.nuevayork@maec.es

· Visa information

Consulate General in San Francisco

Jurisdiction: Alaska, Northern California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, US Pacific

· 1405 Sutter Street

· San Francisco, CA 94109

· Tel: (415) 922-2995/96

· Fax: (415) 931-9706

· cog.sanfrancisco@maec.es

· Visa information

Consular Section at the Embassy in Washington, DC

Jurisdiction: Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, District of Columbia, North Carolina

· 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

· Washington, DC 20037

· Tel: (202) 728-2330

· cog.washington@maec.es

Consulate General in San Juan, Puerto Rico

Jurisdiction: Puerto Rico, Islands of Culebra and Vieques, Virgin Islands

· Edificio Mercantil Plaza, Piso 11 Oficina 1101 Avenida Ponce de León s/n

· Hato Rey - Puerto Rico 00918

· Tel: (787) 758-6090/6142/6279

· Fax: (787) 763 01 90

· Cog.SanJuandePuertoRico@maec.es

UK

Consulate General in London

Jurisdiction:

Greater London: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster.

South West: Gloucestershire, Bristol (Unitary Athority - UA), Wiltshire, Somerset, Dorset, Devon, Cornwall and Isles of Scilly.

South East: Oxfordshire (Oxon), Buckinghamshire (Bucks), Berkshire (Berks), Greater London, Hampshire, Surrey, West Sussex, East Sussex, Kent, Isle of Wight.

Eastern: Norfolk, Cambridgeshire (Cambs), Bedfordshire (Beds), Hertforshire (Herts), Essex, Suffolk.

The demarcation of the Consulate General of Spain in London also includes the dependencies of the Crown and the British Overseas Territories.

Crown Dependencies: Guernsey (Bailiwick of Guernsey) y Jersey (Bailiwick of Jersey).

British Overseas Territories (BOT): Akrotiri and Dhekelia, British Antarctic Territory, Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South, Sandwich Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Saint Helena and Ascension Island, British Virgin Islands, Turcs and Caicos Islands, Anguilla, Montserrat, Bermuda, Pitcairn Islands, British Indian Ocean Territory.

· 20 Draycott Place Londres SW3 2RZ

· Telephone number: 020 7589 8989

· Fax: 020 7581 7888

· Email: emb.londres@maec.es.

Consulate General in Edinburgh
Jurisdiction:

- Scotland (Scotland or the Scottish Islands).

- North Ireland (all the territory).

- England, including: Cleveland, Cumbria, Durham, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear y Tees Valley (Redcar y Cleveland, Stockton on Tees, Hartlepool y Middlesbrough).

· 63, North Castle Street. Edinburgh EH2 3LJ. (UK)

· Telephone number: 0131 220 1843

· Fax: 0131 225 4268.

· mail: cog.edimburgo@maec.es

Consulate General in Manchester

Under its jurisdiction is:

- Wales: all the territory.

- Isle of MAN

- England, including:
- North West (excepto Cumbria): Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside.
- Yorkshire and the Humber: East Riding of Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire.
- East Midlands: Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland.
- West Midlands: Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, West Midlands, Worcestershire.

· 55 Brown Street, M2 1YB, Manchester (Greater Manchester)

· Telephone number: 0161 850 2670

· Email: cog.manchester@maec.es

10. Can I apply for the NLV in any Spanish consulate, or does it have to be in my home country?

You must apply for the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) at the Spanish consulate or embassy that has jurisdiction over your legal place of residence, not necessarily your home country. Here's how it works:

Where You Can Apply

Home Country:
- If you live in your home country, you’ll need to apply at the Spanish consulate or embassy responsible for your region.
Country of Legal Residence:
- If you are residing legally in a different country (e.g., on a work or residence permit), you may apply for the NLV at the Spanish consulate in that country, provided you can show proof of legal residence (e.g., a residence permit or visa).
Tourist Visa:
- You cannot apply for the NLV while in Spain on a tourist visa or if you’re visiting another country on a short-term basis. Spanish consulates typically require applicants to be legal residents of the country where the application is submitted.

Visa Application Process & Costs

1. How long does it take to get a non-lucrative visa in Spain?

The processing time for a non-lucrative visa can vary depending on individual circumstances and the specific consulate processing your application.

It's generally recommended to start the application process well in advance, as it can take several months. Keep in mind that gathering all of your documents, getting them apostilled and translated may take a while. Then, the Consulate must evaluate your application The legal period for reaching a decision is of 3 months from the day after the application submission date, but this period may be extended if an interview or additional documents are requested.

In general, it takes most consulates between 4 and 14 weeks to grant you your visa.

2. What is the cost of a non-lucrative visa in Spain?

Health insurance: The cost of comprehensive health insurance can vary depending on your age and coverage, but it's typically around €100-300 per month

Document translation and apostille: The cost of translating your documents will be of 36 euros per page if you translate your documents with me. Apostilles may vary between countries and counties. In the UK they are about £45. In the US regular in person apostilles are usually around $20.

Legal fees: If you choose to hire a lawyer or immigration consultant to assist with the application process, you'll need to factor in their fees, which can range from a few hundred to several thousand euros.

3. Can I bring my family with me on a non-lucrative visa to Spain?

Yes, you can bring your family members with you on a non-lucrative visa. This includes your spouse or unmarried partner, dependent children, and dependent parents.

4. What happens if my visa application is rejected? Can I appeal or reapply?

If rejected, you’ll typically receive a letter explaining the reasons for denial.

You can:

· Appeal the decision (recurso de reposición) within 1 month of the rejection. This is done at the same consulate and usually requires addressing the specific issues that led to the denial.

· Reapply after addressing the reasons for rejection, but you may need to submit a new application, including the application fee.

It’s often easier to fix the issues and reapply rather than appealing, especially for minor issues.

5. Do I need a criminal record certificate for every country I’ve lived in, or just my home country?

You must provide a criminal record certificate from every country where you’ve resided for more than 6 months in the past 5 years. Each certificate must be apostilled or legalized and translated into Spanish by a certified translator.

6. What happens if my supporting documents (e.g., bank statements, police records) expire during processing?

Supporting documents like bank statements and police records typically have a validity period (e.g., 90 days for police records).

If they expire during the visa processing period:

You may be required to provide updated documents, depending on the consulate.
It’s a good idea to time the submission of your documents carefully to ensure they’re valid throughout the process.

7. What are some common reasons to get rejected for NLV?

Here are some of the most common reasons for NLV rejections in Spain:

Insufficient Funds:

Lack of Proof: Not providing sufficient proof of financial resources, such as bank statements or investment portfolios.
Insufficient Income: Failing to demonstrate the required minimum annual income to support yourself and any dependents.

Incomplete or Incorrect Documentation:

Missing Documents: Not submitting all the necessary documents, such as medical insurance, proof of accommodation, or criminal background checks. Although sometimes they may contact you to submit missing documents.
Incorrect Information: Providing inaccurate or misleading information on your application forms. Watch out for inconsistencies in addresses, phone numbers, names, etc.

Weak Justification for Residency:

Lack of Ties to Spain: Not demonstrating a genuine intention to reside in Spain.
Dubious Reasons for Residency: Providing unclear or unconvincing reasons for wanting to live in Spain.

Inadequate Medical Insurance:

Insufficient Coverage: Not having adequate health insurance coverage that meets Spanish requirements. For example, if your insurance is only for traveling or has excess or co-payments, and/or moratorium.
Invalid Insurance Provider: Using an insurance provider that is not recognized or authorized in Spain.

Criminal Record or Legal Issues:

Prior Convictions: Having a criminal record, especially for serious offenses.
Ongoing Legal Proceedings: Being involved in any legal proceedings that could impact your residency application

For renewals: Failure to Meet Residency Requirements:

Insufficient Time Spent in Spain: Not spending the required minimum number of days in Spain during the initial year.
Violation of Residency Conditions: Engaging in work activities or other prohibited activities while on an NLV.

8. If my application is unsuccessful, will my money be refunded?

Unfortunately, no, your money will not be refunded if your non-lucrative visa application is unsuccessful. The fees paid for the visa application, processing, and other related expenses are non-refundable. This is why it's crucial to ensure that your application is complete and accurate before submitting it.

9. Can I expedite the processing time of my NLV application?

Unfortunately, Spain does not currently offer an expedited process for Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) applications. The visa application process typically takes a few weeks to a few months, depending on the consulate, the complexity of your application, and the volume of requests being processed. Here's what you can do to avoid delays:

Prepare Your Documents Thoroughly: Ensure that all required documents are complete, accurate, and properly translated (if necessary). Missing or incorrect documentation is a common reason for delays or rejections.
Submit Documents Early: Start the process as early as possible to account for potential delays, especially if you're waiting on things like financial proof, police certificates, or medical insurance coverage.
Follow Up: If your application is taking longer than expected, you can contact the consulate or embassy for updates. However, this won't necessarily expedite the process, but it can help ensure that there are no issues with your file.
Consult with an Immigration Lawyer: In some cases, an immigration lawyer may help you navigate the process more efficiently, but it won't speed up the timeline unless there is an issue with the application.

If you're under a tight deadline (e.g., you need to relocate for a job or personal reasons), it's important to start your application as early as possible to avoid any last-minute stress.

Financial Requirements & Proof

1. How do I prove financial solvency if my income comes from multiple sources (e.g., investments, pensions, savings)?

You can submit a combination of:
- Savings account statements showing the total amount available.
- Proof of regular income, such as pensions, dividends, or rental income.
- Investment portfolio summaries (e.g., stocks or bonds).
Make sure all documents clearly show your name, and source of income.

2. Does the required amount of savings need to be in a Spanish or EU bank account, or will a foreign bank account suffice?

A foreign bank account is acceptable as long as:

You provide official bank statements (translated into Spanish).
The statements show the balance

3. Can I combine my savings and monthly income to meet the financial requirements?

Yes, you can combine savings and regular income to meet the financial threshold. For example:

If you don’t have enough savings to meet the total requirement, consistent income from pensions, dividends, or rental properties can count toward the total.

4. Can family members' savings or income count toward my financial proof?

Yes, but:

If applying with dependents (spouse, children), you must prove that your total household finances are sufficient to cover all applicants.
The primary applicant’s income or savings must meet the base requirement, and an additional amount must be shown for each dependent.

5. What happens if my financial situation changes while living in Spain? Can I lose my visa?

Yes, your visa could be affected if:

You no longer meet the financial requirements during a renewal application.
Major financial instability arises, and authorities find out you can’t support yourself.

Step by step guide to get your NLV

1. Getting Organized:

Consider learning basic Spanish, especially Castilian Spanish spoken in Spain(optional).
Decide whether to hire an immigration attorney for guidance and assistance (optional).
Set up a dedicated folder or system to organize your documents.
Research the specific requirements of your closest Spanish consulate in the US (they may differ slightly, but you can find a checklist here).
Consider renewing your passport

2. Obtain your documents:

- Background checks, (apostilled and sworn translated)
- Birth Certificates, (apostilled and sworn translated)
- Marriage Certificate, (apostilled and sworn translated)
- Proof of sufficient funds (6/12 months of Bank statements, Tax Returns, Pension letter, Investment Accounts, Lease Contracts, Summary Letter from your bank, etc.), (sworn translated)
- Medical certificate, (Sworn translated)
- Letter of Intent, (Notarized and Sworn translated)
- Application Forms (2 copies): (EX-01), Model 790-052,
- Notarized copy of Driver’s License (as proof of residence in the consular demarcation)
- If of working age: Letter of resignation or letter from your employer confirming that you no longer work there. If self-employed: Notarized letter stating that you will not work while living in Spain (Sworn translated)
- Money Order made out to the Consulate
In the meantime, get your medical insurance or S1(UK) and find a place to live (where you wish to establish your residence even if it is not permanent).

3. Schedule an appointment

Please note this may not be easy, unfortunately you may have to check the consulate website repeatedly and at random times until you find one). Some consulates use BLS to schedule their appointments. Check with your consulate to make sure.

4. Get organized for your appointment:

Common for all applicants:

Completed visa application forms
Passport-sized photo
Passport (original and photocopy)
ID card showing residency within the consulate district
Proof of residence in the US (if not a citizen)
EX 01 and 790-52 forms (printed, filled, and signed)
Medical certificate (recent, with sworn translation)
FBI (US) or ACRO (UK) Background check (apostilled with Hague Apostille and translated)
Proof of funds meeting minimum requirements
Private health insurance policy
Visa fees
Disclaimer form (signed)

For families with dependents:

Marriage certificate (apostilled and translated) (less than 4 months old for many consulates)
Birth certificates for children under 18 (apostilled and translated) (less than 4 months old for many consulates)

5. Attend the appointment

· Bring all your documents organized (Originals and translations)

· Arrive on time

· Pay the visa fee

· Be prepared for potential additional questions or requests for further documentation

6. Wait for Processing:

The processing time for NLV applications can vary, but it usually takes between 4 and 14 weeks
You may receive updates via email, through the consulate’s platform or phone.

7. Collect Your Visa:

Once approved, you will receive your visa.
You can collect it in person from the consulate or have it mailed to you.

8. Buy your plane ticket and get ready to go!

· Initial Entry Timeline: You must enter Spain within the time frame specified on your visa (90 days).

Living in Spain on an NLV

1. How long can I leave Spain while holding an NLV? Are there limits on how much time I can spend outside the country?

During the first year of your NLV, you cannot spend more than 183 days outside Spain; otherwise, you risk losing your visa.

For visa renewals (2-year periods), the same rule applies: you must reside in Spain for at least 6 months (183 days) per calendar year.

2. Can I upgrade my NLV to another type of visa (e.g., work visa or entrepreneur visa) after arrival?

Yes, but it requires applying for a change in visa status through Spain’s immigration system.

Common options include:

A work visa if you find a Spanish employer willing to sponsor you.
An entrepreneur visa if you start a business meeting specific innovation or economic contribution criteria.

3. What happens if I want to move to a different region in Spain after getting my NLV?

You can live anywhere in Spain with your NLV. However:

You must register your new address with the local town hall (empadronamiento).
You may need to update your residency card (TIE) with your new address.

4. Can I buy property in Spain with an NLV, and will that help me meet the requirements for renewal?

Yes, you can buy property while on an NLV.

Owning property does not directly count toward renewal requirements unless it generates rental income or reduces your living costs significantly (e.g., no rent expenses).

Property ownership can indirectly strengthen your application by demonstrating financial stability.

5. Can I switch health insurance providers after I’ve received my visa?

Yes, you can switch providers after arrival, as long as your new plan meets the visa requirements:

Comprehensive coverage without copayments (sin copagos).
Valid in all of Spain.

However, ensure continuous coverage to avoid any issues during renewal.

Family Considerations

1. Can I bring my family with me on a non-lucrative visa to Spain?

Yes, you can bring your family members with you on a non-lucrative visa. This includes your spouse or unmarried partner, dependent children, and dependent parents.

2. Do my family members need to meet the same financial and health insurance requirements?

Yes, family members (spouse, children under 18, and dependent parents) applying for a family reunification visa under your NLV must meet certain requirements, including:

Financial Requirements:
- You, as the primary visa holder, must prove that you have sufficient income to support yourself and your family members. This means that you need to show additional financial means to support your dependents.
Health Insurance:
- Your family members must also have private health insurance that meets Spain’s requirements.

3. Can my children attend public schools in Spain while on an NLV?

Yes, your children can attend public schools in Spain while you hold a Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV). Education is a basic right in Spain, and children of legal residents MUST attend primary and secondary education in public, private or concertado (charter) schools.

For public schools:

Fees: Public schooling is free, but there may be additional costs for things like textbooks, school supplies, and extracurricular activities.
Documentation: You’ll need to present proof of your residence in Spain (e.g., your NLV approval or empadronamiento).

4. What happens to my family members’ visas if mine is revoked or not renewed?

If your Non-Lucrative Visa is revoked or not renewed, your family members' visas (e.g., your spouse, children) will also be affected. Since their right to stay in Spain is tied to your visa status:

Revocation: If your visa is revoked, your family members’ residence permits may also be revoked or become invalid.
Non-Renewal: If your visa is not renewed, you and your family members may need to leave Spain unless they apply for and are granted a different type of visa.

5. Can my spouse work remotely for a non-Spanish company while on an NLV?

Under the Non-Lucrative Visa, you are not allowed to work for a Spanish company, but the visa restrictions are not as clear for remote work. However, there are important points to consider:

Work for Non-Spanish Companies:
- Your spouse may be able to work remotely for a non-Spanish company, provided that they are not physically working for a Spanish employer or receiving income from Spanish sources.
- If your spouse is working for a foreign company (outside Spain) and not providing services to Spanish clients or companies, this may not be considered a violation of the NLV conditions. However, this is a gray area and can be interpreted differently, so it’s a good idea to consult with a legal expert or immigration lawyer for clarification.
Important Note: If your spouse's work is deemed to involve Spanish income or business activities, they may be required to apply for a different type of visa (e.g., a work visa).

6. If my child turns 18 while living in Spain, can they stay under my NLV, or do they need to apply for their own visa?

When your child turns 18, they are no longer considered a dependent under your NLV. At that point, your child would need to apply for their own visa if they wish to continue living in Spain. The options include:

Student Visa: If your child intends to study in Spain after turning 18, they can apply for a student visa.
Work Visa: If your child gets a job in Spain, they can apply for a work visa.
Family Reunification: In some cases, it may be possible for your child to apply for a family reunification visa as an adult dependent, but this is only if they are still financially dependent on you and not yet fully independent.

If your child does not qualify for one of these visas and is no longer a dependent, they would need to leave Spain when they turn 18, unless they apply for and receive a new visa on their own.

Taxation & Reporting

1. Am I considered a tax resident in Spain with an NLV?

Yes, you are. If you spend more than 183 days per year in Spain, you're considered a tax resident.

2. What taxes do I need to pay as a non-resident in Spain?

Non-Resident Income Tax (IRNR): This applies to income generated outside of Spain.

Wealth Tax: If your net worth exceeds a certain threshold (currently €3 million for residents and €700,000 for non-residents), you may be subject to this tax.

Municipal Taxes: These vary by region and include property taxes and local taxes. Depending on where you choose to live.

3. How do I file my taxes in Spain?

Hire a Tax Advisor: It's recommended to hire a qualified tax advisor to help you navigate the Spanish tax system, especially if you have complex financial situations.

Online Filing: You can file your taxes online through the Spanish Tax Agency's website.

4. Can I claim tax deductions or credits as a non-resident?

Limited Deductions: Non-residents have limited options for tax deductions and credits compared to residents. However, there might be specific deductions available for certain expenses.

5. What is the impact of double taxation agreements between Spain and my home country?

Double Taxation Relief: If there's a double taxation agreement between Spain and your home country, you may be eligible for relief from double taxation. This can help reduce your overall tax burden.

Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs) are designed to prevent individuals and businesses from being taxed twice on the same income or capital gains by two different countries. Both Spain and the US, as well as Spain and the UK, have such agreements in place.

Key Benefits of DTAs for NLV Holders

If you're a US or UK citizen living in Spain on an NLV, a DTA can provide significant benefits:

Reduced Tax Burden:
- Credit Method: You can claim a tax credit in your home country for taxes paid in Spain.
- Exemption Method: In some cases, you may be able to exempt certain types of income from taxation in your home country.
Simplified Tax Compliance:
- DTAs often provide clear guidelines on how to allocate taxing rights between the two countries, making tax compliance easier.
Encourages Cross-Border Investment:
- DTAs can promote cross-border investment by reducing tax barriers and providing certainty for investors.

Specific Considerations for US and UK Citizens

US Citizens:

FATCA: The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) requires US citizens and residents to report their foreign financial assets, including those held in Spanish banks, to the IRS.
US State Taxes: Depending on your state of residency, you may still be subject to state income taxes on your worldwide income, even if you're a tax resident of Spain.

UK Citizens:

Non-Domiciled Status: If you're considered non-domiciled in the UK, you may be able to exempt certain types of foreign income from UK tax.

6. How do I report rental income from properties in Spain?

Non-Resident Income Tax: Rental income from Spanish properties is subject to Non-Resident Income Tax. You'll need to declare this income on your tax return.

7. What are the implications of selling a property in Spain?

Capital Gains Tax: You may be subject to capital gains tax on the profit from the sale of a property in Spain.

8. How can I optimize my tax situation as a non-resident in Spain?

Tax Planning: Consulting with a tax advisor can help you identify tax-efficient strategies to minimize your tax liability.

Legal Structures: Depending on your circumstances, setting up certain legal structures, such as a limited company, might offer tax advantages.

9. How do I navigate the requirements of the Modelo 720 (reporting foreign assets) as an NLV holder?

The Modelo 720 is a Spanish tax form that requires residents in Spain to report their foreign assets. As a Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) holder, you may need to comply with this obligation if you are considered a tax resident in Spain. Here's a detailed guide on how to navigate this requirement:

Who Needs to File Modelo 720?

You are required to file Modelo 720 if:

You are a tax resident in Spain.
- A tax resident is someone who spends more than 183 days in Spain in a calendar year or has their primary economic interests in Spain.
You hold assets abroad valued at over €50,000 in any of the following categories:
- Bank accounts: Savings, checking accounts, or deposits.
- Investments and securities: Stocks, bonds, mutual funds, life insurance policies, or annuities.
- Real estate: Properties located outside Spain.

When Do You Need to File?

Deadline: The form must be submitted between January 1st and March 31st for assets held as of December 31st of the previous year.
Subsequent Filings: After the initial filing, you only need to file again if:
- The value of any category increases by €20,000 or more.
- You acquire new foreign assets that exceed the €50,000 threshold.

Steps to File Modelo 720

Determine Your Tax Residency:
- If you are on an NLV and stay in Spain for over 183 days in a calendar year, you are a tax resident and must file Modelo 720.
- If you're not a tax resident (e.g., during the first year when you're in Spain less than 183 days), you are exempt.
Gather Information About Your Foreign Assets:
- For bank accounts: Include account numbers, bank names, and balances as of December 31st.
- For investments: Provide details of stocks, funds, or policies, including their value on December 31st.
- For real estate: Include the property address, date of purchase, and purchase price or current valuation.
Complete the Form:
- You can complete Modelo 720 online through Spain's Agencia Tributaria (Tax Agency) portal. The form must be submitted electronically, so you may need to register for an electronic certificate (certificado digital).
Seek Professional Help:
- The form can be complex, especially if you hold diverse foreign assets. Hiring a tax advisor familiar with Spanish taxation laws is highly recommended.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Failure to submit Modelo 720 or providing incorrect/incomplete information can result in substantial penalties, including:

Fines of €5,000 per incomplete or inaccurate detail, with a minimum fine of €10,000 per category.
A base penalty of €1,500 for late submission.
Potential taxation of unreported assets as undeclared income.

Key Tips for NLV Holders

Double Taxation Agreements (DTA):
- If your home country has a DTA with Spain, ensure that any taxes paid abroad on reported assets are credited in Spain to avoid double taxation.
- DTAs do not exempt you from filing Modelo 720 but may reduce your tax liability.
Be Proactive About Record-Keeping:
- Keep detailed records of all foreign assets, including valuations, as of December 31st.
- Ensure your foreign bank or financial institutions provide year-end statements.
Plan for the First Year:
- If you don’t spend 183 days in Spain during your first year on the NLV, you may not be required to file. However, for subsequent years as a tax resident, ensure you comply.
Understand Wealth Tax (Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio):
- In addition to Modelo 720, Spain has a wealth tax that applies to residents with worldwide net assets exceeding regional thresholds (e.g., €700,000 in most regions). Filing Modelo 720 helps Spanish authorities track your taxable assets.

What do I need to do once I arrive in Spain?

Once you arrive in Spain with your Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV), here are the key steps you'll need to take:

1. Register your address -empadronamiento:

o Within 30 days of arrival, you must register at your local town hall (Ayuntamiento). This is essential for accessing public services and proving your residency and getting your TIE.

o In some areas (big cities such as Madrid, Malaga or Barcelona) it might be hard to find an appointment.

o Some municipalities may charge a small fee for the empadronamiento process.

o What will you need for your empadronamiento? Passport, Form, Rental Contract/Landlord’s consent. Bring copies of all of them (just in case).

o Beware that most AirBnBs won’t allow you to register.

2. Apply for your TIE:

o You have one month from your arrival date to apply for your TIE, which is your official residency card.

o Timeline: You must apply for your Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero (TIE) within 30 days of arriving in Spain.

o Required Documents: To ensure a smooth TIE application process, please bring the following original documents and copies:

1. Passport

2. Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)

3. Padrón (Proof of Address)

4. Medical Insurance Policy

5. Proof of Payment for the 790-012 form

o Additional Tip: When dealing with Spanish bureaucracy, it's often advisable to overprepare. Consider bringing additional documents related to your residency, such as rental contracts, bank statements, or property deeds. Spanish officials are notorious for requesting unexpected documentation, so being well-prepared can save you time and potential complications. Bring copies too!

o Process:

1. Schedule an appointment (cita previa) with the immigration office or Policía Nacional. (Make your cita previa appointment as soon as possible, as slots can fill up quickly.)

2. Bring your original visa, passport, empadronamiento certificate, and required documents (photos, application form, etc.).

3. Pay the processing fee

3. Open a Spanish Bank Account:

o This is crucial for managing your finances in Spain. You'll need a bank account to pay bills, receive income, and manage your daily expenses.

o If your Spanish isn’t great, consider looking for banks with English-speaking staff or online banking platforms in English.

o Monthly Fees: Many Spanish banks charge fees (usually €10–€20/month). Some banks waive fees for online-only accounts or with a minimum deposit.

o Documents Required to Open a Spanish Bank Account

1. NIE (Número de Identificación de Extranjero): If you don’t have your NIE yet, some banks may allow you to open a non-resident account temporarily.

2. Proof of Address in Spain: Accepted documents include:

1. Empadronamiento Certificate (local town hall registration).

2. A rental contract or recent utility bill (electricity, water, internet) in your name.

3. A copy of your valid Non-Lucrative Visa to prove your legal residency status in Spain.

4. Proof of Income or Financial Solvency:

1. Some banks may request proof of financial means, especially for a resident account. Examples:

1. A copy of your bank statements from your home country.

2. A letter of financial solvency from your home bank.

3. Proof of regular income (if applicable) or savings account statements.

o Recommended Banks for NLV residents:

1. Sabadell: Expat-friendly, offers English support.

2. BBVA: User-friendly app, no fees on certain accounts.

3. N26: Fully digital, no maintenance fees, ideal for frequent travelers.

4. Santander: Widely available, but fees are common.

4. Get Health Care Ready:

o Find out where is the nearest hospital covered by your insurance and find a GP that speaks English (much more common than people think) .

5. Get a Spanish Phone Number:

o Getting a Spanish cellphone number is a simple process and an important step to stay connected, especially for tasks like opening a bank account, setting up utilities, and communicating locally. Here’s how to do it:

1. Step 1: Choose a Type of Plan

Spanish mobile providers offer two main types of plans:

1. Prepaid Plan (Prepago):

1. No contract required, ideal for short-term stays or flexibility.

2. You load credit as needed (recargar saldo).

3. Great for tourists, expats who just arrived, or those waiting to get a residence card.

2. Contract Plan (Contrato):

1. Requires a contract, usually for 12-24 months.

2. Lower rates for calls, data, and bundled services.

3. Better for long-term residents but requires proof of identity and address.

4. Often includes discounts if bundled with home internet or TV.

2. Step 2: Research Mobile Providers

1. Movistar: Reliable but typically more expensive.

2. Orange: Offers good deals and wide coverage.

3. Vodafone: Strong international options and coverage.

4. Yoigo: Competitive pricing, good for data-heavy plans.

5. Low-Cost Providers (MVNOs):

MásMóvil, Pepephone, Simyo, or Lowi: Affordable options with good plans for light users.

3. Step 3: Gather Required Documents

1. For a Prepaid Plan:

1. Passport or ID: This is required by law to register your number, even for prepaid services.

2. For a Contract Plan:

1. Passport or NIE (Foreigner ID Number): Proof of identity is mandatory.

2. Bank Account Details (IBAN): Needed for automatic monthly payments.

3. Proof of Address: A rental contract or empadronamiento certificate may be requested.

4. Step 4: Visit a Store or Buy Online

· In-Store: Visit a local branch of your chosen provider. Staff will help you select a plan, register your number, and set up the SIM card.

· Online Purchase: Many providers, such as Vodafone, Simyo, and Pepephone, let you order a SIM card online and deliver it to your address. You’ll upload your documents during the checkout process.

5. Step 5: Activate Your SIM Card

· Inserting the SIM card into your phone.

· Following any text instructions or logging into the provider’s app or website.

· Loading credit (recargar saldo) for prepaid plans.

6. Step 6: Top-Up or Manage Your Plan

· Prepaid Plans: You can top up your credit at kiosks, supermarkets, ATMs, or online via the provider’s app or website.

· Contract Plans: Payments are deducted automatically each month, so ensure your bank account has sufficient funds.

6. Join the local community:

1. Actividades y Talleres del Ayuntamiento (Workshops and Activities by the Town Hall)

o What Are They?

1. Most Spanish Ayuntamientos (town halls) organize a variety of workshops (talleres) and activities (actividades) for residents. These programs cater to people of all ages—children, teens, adults, and seniors—and focus on art, sports, culture, and skill development.

2. These are government-subsidized, making them much cheaper than private alternatives.

o Examples of Activities and Workshops:

1. Art and Crafts: Painting, pottery, sewing, photography, sculpture, etc.

2. Physical Activities: Yoga, pilates, zumba, aerobics, hiking groups, or dance classes (like flamenco or salsa).

3. Cultural Activities: Writing workshops, theater, book clubs, cinema forums, and local history classes.

4. Technology and Skills: Computer literacy, social media, coding, or personal finance workshops.

o How to Join:

1. Visit your local Ayuntamiento’s website or stop by in person to ask about the latest programs.

2. Look for the section titled Actividades culturales y deportivas, Talleres municipales, or Ofertas formativas.

3. Fees: Activities are often free or cost a symbolic amount (e.g., €10–€50 for an entire semester).

o Benefits for Foreigners:

1. Great way to immerse yourself in Spanish culture and make local friends.

2. Many activities are language-independent (e.g., painting, yoga), so you don’t need to be fluent in Spanish to participate.

o 2. Escuela Oficial de Idiomas (EOI – Official Language Schools)

1. What Is It?

1. The Escuela Oficial de Idiomas (EOI) is a network of government-run language schools in Spain that offer affordable courses for learning foreign languages and Spanish for foreigners (Español como Lengua Extranjera - ELE).

2. These schools are highly regarded and offer high-quality instruction.

2. Languages Offered:

1. A wide variety of languages are taught, including English, French, German, Italian, Chinese, Arabic, and more. Spanish courses for foreigners are also popular.

2. Classes are structured according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), from A1 (beginner) to C2 (proficient).

3. Cost:

1. Incredibly affordable: Annual tuition fees range from €50 to €200, depending on the region and language.

4. How to Enroll:

1. Check the EOI nearest to your location.

2. Enrollment typically opens in the summer for the academic year (September–June).

3. Some EOIs may require an entrance exam to determine your level, especially for intermediate and advanced students.

5. Benefits for Foreigners:

1. If you’re learning Spanish, this is one of the most affordable and effective options available.

2. An opportunity to learn other languages while living in Spain, meet other language enthusiasts, and broaden your social network.

o 3. Free or Subsidized Sports Programs (Deportes Municipales)

1. What Are They?

1. Local councils often run sports programs and offer access to municipal sports facilities (polideportivos), swimming pools, and gyms at reduced rates.

2. Classes and teams are available for activities like soccer, basketball, tennis, swimming, and martial arts.

2. How to Access Them:

1. Check your Ayuntamiento’s sports section (Deportes or Instalaciones Deportivas).

2. Many polideportivos have memberships that give you access to a variety of facilities at very low cost.

3. Costs:

1. Monthly gym or sports memberships range from €15–€40.

2. Specific classes (e.g., swimming lessons) might cost around €20–€50 per semester.

4. Benefits for Foreigners:

1. Stay active and healthy while meeting locals with similar interests.

2. Access to high-quality facilities at a fraction of the cost of private gyms or sports clubs.

o 4. Adult Education Programs (Centros de Educación de Personas Adultas – CEPAs)

1. What Are They?

1. Government-run adult education centers (Centros de Educación de Personas Adultas or CEPAs) offer free or low-cost courses in basic skills, high school equivalency, professional training, and hobby-related topics.

2. Classes include Spanish for foreigners, IT skills, basic literacy, cooking, and more.

2. Cost:

1. Many programs are free or cost less than €50 per course.

3. How to Join:

1. Visit the CEPA nearest to you and inquire about course offerings and registration periods.

4. Benefits for Foreigners:

1. An excellent way to integrate into Spanish society, especially for those who want to improve their Spanish or gain practical skills.

o 5. Local Libraries (Bibliotecas Municipales)

1. What Do They Offer?

1. Local libraries are more than just places to borrow books. They host free events such as reading clubs (clubes de lectura), storytelling sessions for kids, and cultural workshops.

2. Many libraries also offer free Wi-Fi, quiet study spaces, and access to newspapers, magazines, and movies.

2. Cost:

1. Free to join and participate. Membership cards are free and allow you to borrow books and other materials.

3. How to Join:

1. Bring proof of identity (passport or NIE) and proof of address to your nearest library.

4. Benefits for Foreigners:

1. A great resource for practicing Spanish by borrowing books or attending events.

2. Ideal for families with children, as many libraries have kids’ corners and activities.

o 6. Cultural Centers (Centros Culturales or Casas de Cultura)

1. What Are They?

1. Many towns and neighborhoods have cultural centers offering free or affordable classes, exhibitions, concerts, and community gatherings.

2. Examples include music lessons, theater workshops, or film screenings.

2. Cost:

1. Usually very low-cost or free, depending on the activity.

3. How to Join:

1. Visit your local Centro Cultural and inquire about their schedule of activities (programación de actividades).

4. Benefits for Foreigners:

1. A perfect way to dive into Spanish arts and culture.

7. Driving license

When you move to Spain, what happens to your driver's license depends on your country of origin. Here's a step-by-step guide to understanding and managing your driver’s license situation:

1. Can You Use Your Current Driver’s License in Spain?

EU/EEA Citizens:
If you are from an EU or EEA country, your driver’s license is valid in Spain. However, after two years of residency, you must register it with Spanish authorities. You may also exchange it for a Spanish license if you prefer.
Non-EU Citizens:
If you’re from a non-EU country, your license may only be valid in Spain for the first six months of residency. After that, you will need to either exchange it for a Spanish license (if your country has a reciprocal agreement) or take the Spanish driving test.

2. Does Your Country Have a Reciprocity Agreement With Spain?

Some countries, such as the United States, Canada, Australia, or others, do not have a reciprocity agreement with Spain, meaning you cannot simply exchange your license.

· If there’s a reciprocity agreement: You can exchange your license for a Spanish one without taking a driving test. This process involves visiting a Trafico Office (Dirección General de Tráfico - DGT) with your documents.

If there’s no agreement: You’ll need to take both the theoretical and practical driving tests in Spain to obtain a Spanish license.

3. Steps to Exchange Your Driver’s License (if applicable):

Check Eligibility: Verify if your country has a reciprocal agreement with Spain. You can check this on the website of the Dirección General de Tráfico (DGT).
Prepare Documents:
- Your current valid driver’s license.
- NIE (Número de Identidad de Extranjero).
- Passport.
- Proof of residency in Spain (empadronamiento).
- Medical certificate of fitness for driving (from an authorized medical center in Spain).
Submit Your Application: Schedule an appointment at a DGT office to apply for the license exchange. Some consulates may assist with this process.

4. What If You Need a Spanish Driver’s License?

If your country doesn’t have a reciprocity agreement, follow these steps to obtain a Spanish license:

Enroll in a Driving School (Autoescuela): This is mandatory if you need to take the driving tests. Most schools provide preparation for the theoretical exam in Spanish, and some offer materials in English.
Pass the Theoretical Exam: The test focuses on Spanish traffic laws and regulations. You can prepare through online resources or the driving school.
Pass the Practical Test: Once you pass the theoretical test, you'll need to take the practical driving exam.
Submit the Required Documents: Bring your NIE, passport, residency proof, and medical certificate to register for the exams.

5. Renting or Buying a Car in Spain

While sorting out your license, you can use your valid foreign license to rent a car during the initial six months of your residency.
Owning a car in Spain may require a Spanish driver’s license depending on your residency status.

6. International Driving Permit (IDP)

If you’re from a non-EU country and plan to drive during your first six months in Spain, it’s a good idea to get an International Driving Permit (IDP) from your home country. The IDP serves as a translation of your license but does not replace it.

7. Tips for Driving in Spain

Spain drives on the right-hand side of the road.
Familiarize yourself with local traffic laws and signage, as they may differ significantly from your home country.
Carry your driver’s license, car insurance, and vehicle registration at all times when driving.
Remember that, in Spain, it is the car that is insured and not the person (except for rentala) Unlike in some other countries where the driver is insured, in Spain, it is the vehicle that must have an insurance policy.

8. Insurance

Vehicle Insurance is Mandatory:
All vehicles in Spain must have at least third-party liability insurance (seguro a terceros), which covers damage or injury caused to others by the insured vehicle.
Anyone Can Drive an Insured Car:
As long as the car is insured, anyone with a valid driver’s license and the owner’s permission can legally drive the car. However, the insurance policy may have restrictions (e.g., a minimum age for additional drivers or higher premiums for younger/inexperienced drivers).
If you plan to lend your car to someone, check the policy to see if they are covered.
Additional Drivers:
Some policies allow additional drivers to be added. If multiple people will be regularly driving the car, it's wise to include them explicitly in the insurance policy to avoid complications in the event of an accident.
Exceptions for Rentals:
For rental cars, it works differently. Rental car insurance is tied to the contracted driver, and additional drivers must usually be declared at the time of rental. If someone not on the rental agreement drives the car and there’s an incident, insurance may not cover it.
Types of Insurance:
Beyond the mandatory third-party insurance, additional coverage can include:
Comprehensive Insurance (seguro a todo riesgo): Covers the insured car itself for damages (e.g., theft, accidents).
Fire and Theft Insurance (seguro contra incendio y robo): Covers the vehicle for specific risks like theft or fire.
Driving a Friend's Car:
If you drive someone else’s car, you’re typically covered under their insurance policy. However, check the terms of their policy, as some may exclude drivers under a certain age or those without a Spanish license.
Fines and Penalties for Uninsured Vehicles:
Driving an uninsured car in Spain is illegal, and fines range from €600 to €3,000, depending on the severity of the infraction. Additionally, the car may be impounded.

8. What legal rights do I have as a foreign resident with an NLV (e.g., voting, access to legal aid)?

As a foreign resident in Spain holding a Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV), you have a variety of legal rights, but these rights are subject to certain limitations compared to Spanish citizens or permanent residents. Here's a breakdown of your rights and restrictions:

Residence & Travel: Freedom to reside in Spain and travel within the Schengen Area.
Healthcare: Access to private healthcare and the possibility of accessing public healthcare under certain conditions.
Legal Aid: Entitled to legal aid if financially eligible.
Work: No right to work unless a separate work or entrepreneur visa is obtained.
Voting: No voting rights unless you gain Spanish citizenship.
Education: Access to public education for children and language courses for adults.
Family Reunification: Ability to bring qualifying family members to Spain.
Property Ownership: Full right to buy property.
Visa Renewal & Social Services: Right to renew your visa and access limited social services.

Renewing your NLV

1. When do I need to renew my NLV?

You need to renew your NLV before it expires. The renewal window is typically 60 days before the expiration date of your current residence permit or up to 90 days after it has expired. However, it is highly recommended to renew within the 60-day window to avoid complications.

2. How long is the renewed NLV valid for?

The initial NLV is valid for 1 year.
The first renewal extends it for 2 years.
Subsequent renewals will also be for 2-year periods, as long as you meet the requirements.

Once you’ve completed 5 years of continuous legal residency in Spain, you can apply for long-term residency (Residencia de Larga Duración), which is valid indefinitely.

3. What are the requirements for renewing the NLV?

To renew your NLV, you must demonstrate the following:

Financial Solvency: You still meet the financial requirements, typically 400% of the IPREM (Indicator for Public Income). For 2024, this is approximately €28,800/year for the main applicant and an additional €7,200/year per dependent.
Private Health Insurance: You must have comprehensive health insurance from a provider authorized to operate in Spain (no co-pays or deductibles).
Proof of Residency: You must show that you have resided in Spain for the required duration (e.g., proof of empadronamiento or utility bills).
No Criminal Record: You should not have any criminal convictions during your stay in Spain.

4. What documents do I need for the renewal?

The required documents typically include:

Application Form (EX-01): Completed and signed.
Copy of Passport: Including all stamped pages, valid for at least 1 year.
Copy of TIE Card: Your current residency card.
Proof of Financial Means:
- Bank statements from Spanish or foreign accounts showing sufficient funds.
- Proof of income, if applicable (e.g., pensions, investments).
Private Health Insurance Certificate: A certificate proving coverage in Spain.
Proof of Address: Updated empadronamiento certificate from your town hall.
Payment of Renewal Fee (Modelo 790 Código 052): A receipt for the renewal application fee.

5. How do I submit my NLV renewal application?

You can submit your application online via the Mercurio platform, provided you have a digital certificate (certificado digital).
Alternatively, you can submit it in person at the immigration office (Oficina de Extranjería) in your region or through a registered government office.

Financial and Practical Questions

6. Can I renew my NLV if I don’t have the required savings but have a steady income?

Yes. For the renewal, you can show steady passive income (e.g., pensions, dividends, rental income, or returns on investments) as proof of financial solvency. However, the income must meet the required thresholds (400% of IPREM for the primary applicant and 100% per dependent).

7. Can I combine income from multiple sources to meet the financial requirements?

Yes, you can combine savings and passive income or income from multiple sources. Be prepared to provide detailed documentation for each source (e.g., bank statements, investment reports, or pension receipts).

8. Does the money have to be in a Spanish bank account for renewal?

No, it doesn’t have to be in a Spanish account. You can provide proof of funds from a foreign bank account, but it must be accompanied by official translations into Spanish and clearly demonstrate accessibility from Spain.

Health Insurance Questions

9. Do I need to maintain private health insurance for the renewal?

Yes, private health insurance is mandatory for NLV renewals. The policy must:

Provide comprehensive coverage equivalent to Spain’s public healthcare system.
Have no co-pays or deductibles.
Be issued by a company authorized to operate in Spain.

10. Can I switch health insurance providers before renewing my NLV?

Yes, you can switch providers, but you must ensure that your new health insurance policy meets all the requirements. Submit the updated insurance certificate with your renewal application.

Residency and Travel Questions

11. How much time do I need to spend in Spain to renew my NLV?

To renew your NLV, you must prove that you have spent at least 183 days per year in Spain. This makes you a tax resident, which is also a requirement for renewal.

12. How long can I leave Spain while holding an NLV?

You can spend up to 183 days per year outside Spain. However, spending more than this time outside the country could jeopardize your renewal, as it may indicate that Spain is no longer your primary residence.

Family Questions

13. Can I renew my family members’ NLVs at the same time as mine?

Yes, all family members under your application can renew their NLVs simultaneously. They must also meet the financial and health insurance requirements, which will be assessed collectively for the family unit.

14. What happens if my financial situation changes during the renewal process?

If your financial situation changes, you must still demonstrate that you meet the renewal requirements. For example:

If your income decreases, you might rely more on savings.
If your savings drop, you’ll need to show steady income from other sources.

Failing to meet the financial requirements could result in denial of renewal.

Legal and Other Questions

15. What happens if my NLV renewal is denied?

If your renewal is denied, you can:

File an appeal (recurso de reposición) within 1 month of the decision.
Submit a new application for the visa if the appeal is unsuccessful. In the meantime, you may lose your legal residency status and need to leave Spain.

16. Can I upgrade my NLV to another type of residency permit during renewal?

Yes, during the renewal process, you can apply to modify your residency status, such as:

A work permit if you’ve been offered employment.
A self-employed visa if you plan to start a business.
A golden visa if you’ve invested in Spanish property.

17. Do I need to renew my empadronamiento for the NLV renewal?

Yes, your empadronamiento certificate (local registration) must be current when you renew your visa. Most empadronamiento certificates are valid for only 3 months, so ensure you update it before submitting your renewal application.

Steps After Renewal

18. How long does the renewal process take?

The renewal process typically takes 1-3 months, depending on the workload of the immigration office. During this time, your current visa remains valid if you applied before it expired.

19. Do I need to renew my TIE card after the renewal is approved?

Yes, once your renewal is approved, you will need to update your TIE card (Foreigner’s Identity Card) to reflect the new expiration date. This involves making an appointment at the immigration office and providing your updated renewal documents.

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