Digital Nomad Visa- DNV

Sworn Translator-Interpreter

Traductora-Interprete Jurada

alba.fernandez.c@gmail.com

+34 645 65 49 98

Foreign Office Translator's Commission Number: 8981

Spain Digital Nomad Visa Guide:

Your Roadmap to Remote Work in Paradise

guide digital nomad visa- teleworkers- spain_watermark.pdf

Link to the guide: https://bit.ly/4agaIeu

Who can apply for a DNV?

Non-EU/EEA citizens
Remote workers or freelancers
Able to demonstrate a minimum income[Ui1] [Ui2] (€2,400 per month) threshold
Permission to work online from your company
Applicants must be at least 18 years old

[Ui1]cuál es?

[Ui2]Lo tienes puesto abajo, pero ponlo aquí tambien

Can freelancers be digital nomads in Spain?

Absolutely. You'll need to provide documentation that demonstrates your freelance income. This typically includes:

Contracts with clients (if any): These contracts should clearly outline the services you provide, the agreed-upon fees, and the duration of the contract.
Invoices: You'll need to provide invoices that you've issued to your clients for completed work.
Bank statements: Your bank statements should show regular payments from your clients, demonstrating a consistent income stream.
Tax returns or proof of business registration: This helps to further validate your freelance activities.

Working for clients outside of Spain: A key requirement is that you must be working for clients or companies located outside of Spain. You cannot primarily work for Spanish clients while on this visa

What are the requirements for a DNV in Spain?

Minimum Income:
- €2,400 per month for individuals.
- Higher income required if accompanied by family.
  - Spouse: approximately €850.50 per month.
  - Children: In 2024, the additional income requirement for each child would be approximately €283.50 per month. 1
Health Insurance: Comprehensive private health insurance with coverage in Spain. No copay allowed.
- Coverage Scope: It must have full coverage. The same as the public healthcare system.
- Duration: It must cover the full year.
- Coverage Limits: Check for any limitations on coverage amounts or exclusions that might not be suitable for long-term residency.
- Possible providers: Adeslas (approximately €58 per insured party), Asisa (€ 62 per insured party), DKV (€ 37 per insured party) and Sanitas (€ 56 per insured party).

Family insurance plans are available through various private insurance providers. These plans typically cover multiple family members under a single policy. The cost of family insurance will vary depending on the number of individuals included in the coverage

Clean Criminal Record: FBI or ACRO with no serious criminal convictions.
Proof of Accommodation: Evidence of secure housing in Spain (e.g., rental agreement).
- Rental Agreement:
  - This is the most common and preferred option.
  - Ensure the agreement includes your name, the landlord's information, the property address, and the duration of the lease.
- Purchase Agreement:
  - If you are buying property in Spain, you can use the purchase agreement as proof of accommodation.
- Accommodation Reservation:
  - If you have a confirmed reservation for short-term rentals (like Airbnb, VRBO, etc.), you can use that as initial proof. However, you might need to provide a more permanent arrangement later.
- Declaration of Accommodation:
  - If you are staying with a friend or family member, you may need to provide a written declaration from the host stating that you will be staying with them. This declaration should include their name, address, and a statement confirming that they will be hosting you.

What documents do I need to apply for DNV in Spain?

Application Form: Completed and signed.
Passport: Valid for at least a year and with at least two blank pages.
Photos: Two recent passport-sized photos (Spanish passport size, not American size).

· Proof of Income (Minimum €2,400 per month):

Applicants must demonstrate a consistent monthly income of at least €2,400. This can be achieved through various sources, and the specific documentation required will depend on your employment status. All documents not in Spanish must be officially translated by a sworn translator ("traductor jurado").

1. Employed Individuals:

For employed individuals, the focus is on establishing a stable and consistent employment relationship with a foreign company that allows for remote work. The following documents are typically required:

o Employment Contract: This is a crucial document. It must be a valid and current employment contract with a company based outside of Spain. The contract should clearly specify:

ü Your full name and the company's name and address.

ü Your job title and a detailed description of your responsibilities.

ü Your gross annual salary and payment frequency (monthly, bi-weekly, etc.).

ü The start and end dates of the contract (if it's a fixed-term contract). If it is an indefinite contract, it should state this clearly.

ü A clear statement confirming your ability to work remotely from Spain.

o Payslips: Provide recent payslips (usually the last 3-6 months) to demonstrate consistent income. These should be official payslips issued by your employer and should clearly show your gross and net salary, deductions, and payment dates.

o Bank Statements: Submit bank statements from the past 3-6 months showing regular salary deposits corresponding to the amounts indicated on your payslips. The statements should clearly show your name, account number, and transaction details. It is important that the name on the bank statements matches the name on the other documents.

o Letter from Employer: A formal letter from your employer is essential. This letter should:

ü Confirm your employment status and job title.

ü State your annual salary.

ü Explicitly state that you are authorized to work remotely from Spain.

ü Include the company's official letterhead, contact details, and the signature of an authorized representative.

2. Self-Employed Individuals/Freelancers:

For freelancers, the focus is on demonstrating a consistent stream of income from clients outside of Spain. The required documents include:

Freelance Contracts/Service Agreements: Provide contracts or service agreements with your clients that clearly outline:
- The services you provide.
- The agreed-upon fees or rates.
- The duration of the contract or project.
- The client's company name and contact information.
Invoices: Submit copies of invoices you've issued to your clients for completed work. These invoices should include:
- Your name and contact information.
- The client's name and contact information.
- A description of the services provided.
- The invoice date and amount.
Bank Statements: Provide bank statements from the past 3-6 months showing regular payments from your clients. These statements should clearly show the client's name or company name as the sender of the funds.
Tax Returns/Proof of Business Registration: Provide copies of your recent tax returns (from your country of origin) or proof of business registration. These documents help demonstrate your income and that you are operating a legitimate business.

3. Other Sources of Income:

While the primary focus is on income from employment or freelance work, other sources of income can be considered to supplement your application, although it's not advised to rely solely on them:

Rental Income: If you receive rental income from properties, you must provide:
- Rental agreements or contracts.
- Bank statements showing regular rental payments.
- Proof of property ownership.
Investments (Dividends, Interest, etc.): If you have income from investments, provide:
- Statements from your investment accounts.
- Dividend or interest statements.
- Any other documentation that proves consistent income from your investments.

Important Reminders

· Consistency is key: The key is to demonstrate a consistent and stable income stream that meets the minimum requirement.

· Official documents: All documents must be official and verifiable.

· Translations and apostilles: Ensure all non-Spanish documents are officially translated (if you get your documents translated by me they will only be 38 euros per page) and, where necessary, apostilled.[Ui1]

You may also be asked to apostille other required documents if deemed necessary.

By providing comprehensive and well-organized documentation, you can significantly increase your chances of a successful DNV application.

Health Insurance: Policy documents and proof of coverage in Spain.
Criminal Record Certificate: From your country of origin.
- USA: FBI + Apostille
- UK: ACRO+ Apostille
Proof of Accommodation: Rental agreement or property ownership documents or reservations.
Sufficient Funds: Bank statements or other proof of financial means.
CV
Authorization Letter from employer
- Company Information:
  - Full legal name of the company
  - Company address
  - Company registration number (if applicable)
  - Contact information (phone number, email)
- Employee Information:
  - Full name of the employee (as it appears on the passport)
  - Employee's job title or position
  - Start date of employment
  - Employee's role and responsibilities within the company
- Remote Work Authorization:
  - Clear statement that the employee is authorized to work remotely from Spain
  - Confirmation that the employee will continue to be employed by the company while residing in Spain
  - Explanation of how the employee will fulfill their job duties while working remotely (e.g., use of VPN, company-provided equipment)
- Salary and Benefits:
  - Confirmation of the employee's salary or compensation
  - Details of any benefits provided by the company (e.g., health insurance, paid time off)
- Contact Information:
  - Contact information for the person issuing the letter (e.g., HR manager, CEO)
- Company Letterhead:
  - The letter should be printed on official company letterhead
- Signature and Date:
  - The letter should be signed by an authorized representative of the company (e.g., CEO, HR manager) and dated.
Reference letters: While not explicitly listed as a mandatory requirement for the Spain Digital Nomad Visa, reference letters can significantly strengthen your application.
- Who to Ask:
  - Former Employers: If applicable, request letters from previous employers, especially those where you worked remotely.
  - Clients: If you are self-employed or a freelancer, obtain letters from major clients confirming your work relationship and the nature of your remote work.
  - Professional Contacts: You could also consider letters from colleagues, supervisors, or other professionals who can vouch for your work experience and professional reputation.
- Content of the Letter:
  - Clear Identification: The letter should clearly identify the applicant and the letter writer.
  - Professional Relationship: Describe the nature and duration of your professional relationship with the applicant.
  - Remote Work Experience (if applicable): If relevant, mention the applicant's experience with remote work, their work ethic, and their ability to work independently and productively.
  - Professional Skills and Qualifications: Highlight the applicant's relevant skills, qualifications, and professional achievements.
  - Positive Recommendation: The letter should express a positive and supportive recommendation for the applicant.
  - Format:
  - Professional Letterhead (if applicable): If the letter is from a company, it should be on the official company letterhead.
  - Formal Tone: Maintain a professional and formal tone throughout the letter.
  - Signature and Date: The letter should be signed and dated by the letter writer.
University degree (or proof of over 3 years of experience is required)

Where to Apply:

From Abroad: Spanish Embassy or Consulate in your country of residence.
From Spain:

You will have to go to the Unidad de Grandes Empresas (UGE). This is the Large Business Unit, a special department within the Spanish government that handles applications for certain types of visas and permits, including the Digital Nomad Visa for those applying from within Spain.

Here's a general outline of the process:

o Enter Spain legally: You must be in Spain legally, usually as a tourist (within the 90-day visa-free period for many nationalities).

o Obtain an Empadronamiento: This is a certificate of registration with your local municipality, proving you have an address in Spain. It's a crucial document for many administrative processes.

o Gather all required documents: This includes your passport, proof of income, health insurance, criminal record certificate, and other supporting documents.

o Submit your application online to the UGE: The application process is typically done electronically.

o Attend an appointment: After your application is processed, you may be required to attend an in-person appointment at an immigration office to provide fingerprints and complete other formalities.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Applying From Abroad vs. From Spain:

Abroad:
- Potentially faster processing times.
- Can plan your move in advance.
Spain:
- Can experience Spain before committing.
- Easier to adapt to the local environment.
- May have more flexibility in choosing your location.
- Longer visa.

[Ui1]sería bueno hacer una lista de cuáles deben apostillarse y cuáles no

What documents do I get apostilled and sworn translated to apply for DNV in Spain?

Where can I apply for my DNV?

From Abroad: Spanish Embassy or Consulate in your country of residence.
From Spain:

Can I apply for a DNV if I am already in Spain?

Yes, you can apply for the DNV if you are already in Spain on a tourist visa. You must apply within 90 days of entry.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION: It is essential that you apply within the first 90 days of your stay in Spain. Otherwise, you will be rejected as you’d be in Spain Illegally.

What is the process to apply for my DNV from Spain?

Here's a general outline of the process:

o Enter Spain legally: You must be in Spain legally, usually as a tourist (within the 90-day visa-free period for many nationalities).

o Obtain an Empadronamiento: This is a certificate of registration with your local municipality, proving you have an address in Spain. It's a crucial document for many administrative processes.

o Gather all required documents: This includes your passport, proof of income, health insurance, criminal record certificate, and other supporting documents.

o Submit your application online to the UGE: The application process is typically done electronically with your certificado digital (digital certificate, explained later).

o Attend an appointment: After your application is processed, you may be required to attend an in-person appointment at an immigration office to provide fingerprints and complete other formalities.

What are the Advantages & Disadvantages of Applying From Abroad vs From Spain?

Advantages & Disadvantages of Applying From Abroad vs. From Spain:

Abroad:
- Potentially faster processing times.
- Can plan your move in advance.
Spain:
- Can experience Spain before committing.
- Easier to adapt to the local environment.
- May have more flexibility in choosing your location.
- Longer visa (3 years).

How much does it cost to get a DNV to Spain?

The cost of obtaining a Spanish Digital Nomad Visa involves several components. Here's a breakdown of the approximate costs associated with the necessary documentation:

1. Visa Application Fee:

This is a government fee (tasa) for processing your application. As of 2024, it's approximately €73.26. This fee is paid when you submit your application.

2. Criminal Record Certificate:

The cost of obtaining a criminal record certificate varies depending on your country of origin: USA ($10-20) and in UK (£21.50).

3. Apostille:

You'll likely need an apostille for your criminal record certificate and possibly other documents. The cost in UK is of £45 for the standard one and £35 for the e-Apostille. In USA is $20.

4. Notarizations:

· USA: Depending on the state, these fees range from $2 to $25 per notarial act.

· UK: The minimum charge for dealing with a single document is normally £90 plus VAT (£108) for personal documents and £180 plus VAT (£216) for business documents

4. Translations:

Any documents not in Spanish will need to be translated by a sworn translator. The cost per page that we offer in this web is of 36 euros.

How long does it take to get your DNV to Spain?

Applicants should be aware that collecting the necessary documentation, including obtaining apostilles and translations, can be a lengthy process. As an example, FBI background checks in the US can take 3-5 business days after fingerprint card receipt, and ARCO Police Certificates in the UK require approximately 12 business days. Federal apostilles can take up to 8 weeks. After all documents are in order, expect the Spanish Digital Nomad Visa processing time to be between 4 and 12 weeks if you do it form a consulate. If you do it through UGE once in Spain, it will take under 20 days to process it.

Can I have additional employment in Spain?

Considering that their work must be exclusively performed remotely, two scenarios exist:

Employment: They can only work for the foreign company for which they are authorized to work remotely.
Freelancing: They can work for a Spanish company, provided they maintain their primary relationship with the foreign company used for the visa application, and the work for Spanish company(ies) is professional (not employment) and does not exceed 20% of their total professional activity.

In summary, if you work for a foreign company the short answer is NO. If you are self-employed, as long as it is one of your clients and is less than 20% of your income.

What happens if my DNV application is rejected? Can I reapply?

Yes, you can generally reapply for the Digital Nomad Visa after a rejection. However, it's essential to address the reasons for the initial rejection before reapplying.

However, rather than submitting a new application, it is often possible to resolve the issue by providing the missing documents or appealing the original decision.

o Key things to consider when appealing:

o Correct the issues: Make sure you have rectified the reasons for the initial rejection. Gather any missing documents, obtain compliant health insurance, or address any other issues that led to the rejection.

o Provide new evidence: If possible, provide new evidence to support your application. For example, if your income was a concern, you could provide updated bank statements or contracts.

o Seek professional advice: Consider consulting with an immigration lawyer or specialist who can review your application and provide guidance on how to improve your chances of success.

Reapplying is possible, but it's important to learn from the initial rejection and take steps to strengthen your application.

Do I need a criminal record certificate for every country I’ve lived in to apply for a DNV in Spain, or just my home country?

This is a very important question! For the Spanish Digital Nomad Visa, you generally need a criminal record certificate from every country where you have resided in the past two years.

This means that if you've lived in multiple countries within that timeframe, you'll need to obtain a certificate from each of them. The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that you have no criminal history that could pose a risk to Spanish society, regardless of where that history might be.

How long do I have to be in Spain for if I am on a DNV?

The Spanish Digital Nomad Visa allows you to stay in Spain for up to 12 months in the first instance. If you’d like to renew, you must have lived in Spain for 183 days.

Can I have additional employment in Spain if i have a dnv?

If you work for a foreign company the short answer is NO.

If you are self-employed, as long as it is one of your clients and is less than 20% of your income.

Is it mandatory to register for Social Security in Spain if I am on a DNV?

Yes, when carrying out work activities from Spain, registration is compulsory. There are two main scenarios:

Employees: The company must register with Social Security to enroll the remote worker in the General Regime.
Self-employed individuals: The worker must register themselves in the Self-Employed Workers' Regime (RETA).
The requirement to register with Social Security can only be replaced by the importation of rights from the country of origin if there is an international social security agreement 1 between Spain and that country, and the social security administration 2 of the country of origin issues a document based on that agreement for teleworkers providing temporary coverage in Spain.

Can I switch health insurance providers after I’ve received my visa?

Yes, generally you can switch health insurance providers after you've received your Spanish Digital Nomad Visa, but there are important things to keep in mind:

o Continuous coverage: The most crucial factor is that you maintain continuous, uninterrupted health insurance coverage that meets the visa requirements. Any lapse in coverage could jeopardize your residency status or future renewals.

o Policy requirements: The new insurance policy must still fulfill all the requirements of the Digital Nomad Visa, including:

ü Full coverage in Spain with no co-payments or waiting periods.

ü No limitations on pre-existing conditions or age.

ü Repatriation coverage.

ü Ideally, be with a Spanish insurance company.

o Renewal time: If you're switching providers close to your visa renewal date, it's especially important to ensure the new policy is in place well in advance of the renewal application.

o Cancellation of old policy: Make sure to properly cancel your old policy to avoid automatic renewals or double payments. Check the terms and conditions of your existing policy for cancellation procedures and notice periods.

How long is the Spanish Digital Nomad Visa valid for?

This visa initially grants a 12-month stay, with the possibility of renewal for a cumulative period of up to five years.

What happens if I lose my job while I am on a DNV?

If you lose your job during your DNV, you may need to find a new source of income to maintain your residency status.

What are some Common Reasons for Rejection of DNV applications?

Insufficient income.
Lack of valid health insurance.
Incomplete or inaccurate documentation.
Criminal record.
Failure to meet other eligibility requirements.

How can I obtain a NIE?

The NIE (Número de Identidad de Extranjero) is a unique and personal identification number assigned to foreigners who engage in activities in Spain for economic, professional, or social reasons and require identification within the country.

An NIE obtained through a Spanish Consulate (or directly in Spain) allows the bearer to interact with all levels of Spanish public administration. However, it does not grant the right to reside in Spain nor serve as proof of residency.

The request may be made in person or through a duly accredited representative.

The physical presence of the applicant or of their representative is mandatory in every case.

Documentation required to apply for a NIE at the Consular Office

o The EX-15 application form must be completed (but not signed) and should ideally be filled out and printed online. The form must clearly state the economic, professional, or social reasons for requesting an NIE.

o Documentary proof of the need to obtain a NIE[AF1] .

o You must present your original, valid passport and a photocopy of the page with your personal details. If someone is applying on your behalf, they only need to provide a certified copy of their own ID.

o When an NIE application is submitted by a representative, both the original and a copy of the representative's identification document (passport or national ID) are required. Additionally, an apostilled power of attorney specifically granting the representative authorization to submit the NIE application must be included.

o If the applicant is a minor or is incapacitated, a copy of the family record book or the birth certificate or the guardianship document must be presented. In addition, the valid passport or ID of the parent or guardian must be shown.

o Document proving residence in the Consular area.

o Form 790, code 12, duly completed.

The fee, to be paid at the Consular office on the day of the appointment, by card, is 9,74 euros.

What are the chances of getting approved for the Spanish Digital Nomad Visa?

As long as you meet all the requirements, there should be no problem in obtaining the visa.

Even so, it is estimated that about 75% of applications are approved.

Will the Spanish Digital Nomad Visa count as residency to obtain Spanish nationality?

Yes. Time spent in Spain on the Digital Nomad Visa counts towards the residency requirements for Spanish citizenship, a key long-term benefit.

Will I be able to move freely throughout the EU with this residence card?

Yes. This permit grants free movement within the European Union.

Is there an age restriction on the Digital Nomad Visa in Spain?

Applicants must be at least 18 years old.

If I have an entry ban in another Schengen territory country, can it affect my Digital Nomad Visa application for Spain?

Yes. You must not be considered ineligible or inadmissible in any country with which Spain has a treaty, including all Schengen Area countries.

Can I bring my family with me?

Yes, you can usually bring your spouse and dependent children with you.

Your family members who accompany you on the Digital Nomad Visa are also granted residency permits that allow them to work in Spain.

This means they can:

Continue working remotely for their existing employers or clients abroad.
Seek employment with Spanish companies.
Work as freelancers or start their own businesses in Spain.

Important things to note:

Separate applications: While they come with you, your family members will need to apply for their own dependent visas. These applications are usually processed in conjunction with your main application.
Financial requirements: You'll need to demonstrate sufficient financial means to support your entire family during your stay in Spain. The minimum income requirement increases depending on the number of dependents you bring.
Other requirements: Your family members will also need to meet certain requirements, such as having valid passports, health insurance, and clean criminal records.

Can my spouse work in Spain?

Of course! As long as they have their own visa.

Can my kids go to school in Spain?

Yes, absolutely! In fact, education is compulsory in Spain from the age of 6 to 16, and all children residing in Spain, regardless of their nationality or immigration status, have the right to attend school.

Here are the main options for schooling in Spain:

Public Schools (Colegios Públicos): These are state-funded schools and offer free education. They follow the Spanish national curriculum and teach primarily in Spanish.
Semi-Private Schools (Colegios Concertados): These are partially subsidized by the government and may have some religious affiliation (often Catholic). They usually have a small fee.
Private Schools (Colegios Privados): These are fully private and offer a wider range of curricula, including international programs (like the International Baccalaureate or British curriculum) and bilingual education. They are the most expensive option.

How to enroll your children:

Get your Empadronamiento: This is the registration with your local municipality. It's essential for accessing many public services, including schools.
Contact the local education authority or the school directly: They will provide information on the enrollment process and available places.
Provide necessary documentation: This usually includes your child's passport, birth certificate, proof of residency (Empadronamiento), and vaccination records.

If my child turns 18 while living in Spain, can they stay under my DNV, or do they need to apply for their own visa?

Unfortunately, if your child turns 18 while living in Spain under your Digital Nomad Visa (DNV), they will generally no longer be eligible to remain as your dependent under your visa. They will need to apply for their own independent visa to continue living in Spain legally.

Does my family need private insurance?

Yes, your family members who are accompanying you on the Spanish Digital Nomad Visa absolutely need private health insurance.

Just like you, they must have health insurance that meets the specific requirements of the visa. This is a mandatory requirement for their dependent visa applications.

The insurance policy for your family members must meet the same standards as yours.

Step by step guide to get your DNV from outside of Spain

1. Getting Organized:

• Consider learning basic Spanish, especially Castilian Spanish spoken in Spain(optional).

• Decide whether to hire an immigration attorney for guidance and assistance (optional).

• Set up a dedicated folder or system to organize your documents.

• Research the specific requirements of your closest Spanish consulate in the US or UK (they may differ slightly, but you can find a checklist here).

• Consider renewing your passport.

2. Obtain your documents:

o Background checks, (apostilled and sworn translated)

o Birth Certificates, (apostilled and sworn translated)

o Marriage Certificate if your spouse accompanies you (apostilled and sworn translated)

o Proof of sufficient funds (6/12 months of Bank statements, Tax Returns, Pension letter, Investment Accounts, Lease Contracts, Summary Letter from your bank, etc.), (sworn translated)

o Medical certificate, (Sworn translated)

o Application Forms (2 copies): (EX-15 for the NIE) and Application for long-term visa.

• In the meantime, get your medical insurance or S1(UK) and find a place to live (where you wish to establish your residence even if it is not permanent).

3. Schedule an appointment

Please note this may not be easy, unfortunately you may have to check the consulate website

repeatedly and at random times until you find one. Some consulates use BLS to schedule their

appointments. Check with your consulate to make sure.

4. Get organized for your appointment:

Common for all applicants:

• Completed visa application forms,

• Passport-sized photo,

• Passport (original and photocopy),

• ID card showing residency within the consulate district,

• Proof of residence in the US or UK (if not a citizen),

• (EX-15 for the NIE) and Application for long-term visa forms (printed, filled, and signed),

• Medical certificate (recent, with sworn translation)

• FBI (US) or ACRO (UK) Background check (apostilled with Hague Apostille and translated),

• Proof of funds meeting minimum requirements,

• Private health insurance policy,

• Visa fees,

• Disclaimer form (signed)

For families with dependents:

• Marriage certificate (apostilled and translated) (less than 4 months old for many

consulates)

• Birth certificates for children under 18 (apostilled and translated) (less than 4 months old

for many consulates)

5. Attend the appointment

• Bring all your documents organized (Originals and translations)

• Arrive on time

• Pay the visa fee

• Be prepared for potential additional questions or requests for further documentation

6. Wait for Processing:

• The processing time for DNV applications can vary, but it usually takes between 4 and 12 weeks.

• You may receive updates via email, through the consulate’s platform or phone.

7. Collect Your Visa:

• Once approved, you will receive your visa.

• You can collect it in person from the consulate or have it mailed to you.

8. Buy your plane ticket and get ready to go!

• Initial Entry Timeline: You must enter Spain within the time frame specified on your visa (90 days).

Step by step guide to get your DNV from Spain

1. Ensure legal entry and stay:

· Enter Spain legally: You must be in Spain with a valid entry method, typically as a tourist within the 90-day visa-free period allowed for many nationalities.

· Don't overstay: It's crucial that you apply for the DNV before your 90-day period expires. Overstaying can seriously jeopardize your application.

2. Obtain the Empadronamiento:

Register with your local municipality: This is a crucial step. Visit your local town hall (Ayuntamiento) and register your address. You'll need proof of address (rental contract or property ownership documents) and your passport. This process will grant you a "Certificado de Empadronamiento."

3. Gather all required documents:

This is the most time-consuming part. You'll need:

· Completed EX-15 application form: Fill it out online but DO NOT sign it until instructed.

· Passport: Valid passport with at least one year of validity remaining and a copy of the biographical data page.

· Proof of income: Documents demonstrating a minimum income of €2,400 per month. This can include:

o Employment contracts

o Invoices and bank statements (for freelancers)

o Proof of ownership of a company (if applicable)

· Health insurance: Private health insurance with full coverage in Spain, no co-payments, no waiting periods, and repatriation coverage. It's best to get this from a Spanish provider.

· Criminal record certificate: From your home country and any other country where you've lived in the past two years. These must be officially translated into Spanish and apostilled.

· Proof of remote work: Documents proving you can work remotely, such as:

o A letter from your employer stating you can work remotely

o Contracts with clients

o Registration as a freelancer or business owner

· NIE application form (EX-15) and supporting documents justifying the need for an NIE.

4. Translate and apostille documents:

Any documents not in Spanish must be translated by a sworn translator. Also, get an apostille stamp on your original documents (like your criminal record certificate) to verify their authenticity.

5. Submit your application online to the UGE:

· Electronic submission: The application is submitted electronically through the platform of the Unidad de Grandes Empresas (UGE). You'll need a digital certificate to access this platform.

· Pay the application fee: There is a government fee (tasa) for processing the application.

6. Attend your appointment (If necessary):

After submitting your application, the UGE might require you to attend an in-person appointment at an immigration office. This is usually for fingerprinting and further verification.

7. Wait for a decision:

The processing time can vary, but it's usually around 4-12 weeks.

8. Obtain your TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero):

Once your application is approved, you'll need to apply for your TIE (foreigner identity card) at a police station within one month of your approval notification.

Taxation & Reporting for DNV in Spain. What is Tax Residency?

Non-Resident Tax Regime: If you spend less than 183 days in Spain during the tax year, you are generally considered a non-resident for tax purposes.
Resident Tax Regime: If you spend 183 days or more in Spain during the tax year, you become a tax resident and are subject to taxation on your worldwide income.

What are Tax Rates for DNV?:

Non-Residents:
- Income Tax:
  - With Beckam law
  - Whitout it[AF1]
- Capital Gains Tax: May be subject to capital gains tax on gains from the sale of assets located in Spain.
Residents:
- Income Tax: Subject to progressive income tax rates on worldwide income.
- Wealth Tax: May be subject to wealth tax on assets worldwide.

Non-Residents (first 183 days): You are taxed only on income sourced from Spain at a flat rate of 24%. May need to file a non-resident income tax return (modelo 210) if they have income sourced from Spain.
Residents (after 183 days): You are taxed on your worldwide income, meaning income from any source, anywhere in the world.

Spain has a progressive income tax system. Here's an approximation:

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